diff --git a/Doc/includes/dbpickle.py b/Doc/includes/dbpickle.py
--- a/Doc/includes/dbpickle.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/dbpickle.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
# Simple class representing a record in our database.
MemoRecord = namedtuple("MemoRecord", "key, task")
+
class DBPickler(pickle.Pickler):
def persistent_id(self, obj):
@@ -47,7 +48,8 @@
def main():
- import io, pprint
+ import io
+ import pprint
# Initialize and populate our database.
conn = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
diff --git a/Doc/includes/minidom-example.py b/Doc/includes/minidom-example.py
--- a/Doc/includes/minidom-example.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/minidom-example.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
dom = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(document)
+
def getText(nodelist):
rc = []
for node in nodelist:
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
rc.append(node.data)
return ''.join(rc)
+
def handleSlideshow(slideshow):
print("")
handleSlideshowTitle(slideshow.getElementsByTagName("title")[0])
@@ -33,29 +35,36 @@
handleSlides(slides)
print("")
+
def handleSlides(slides):
for slide in slides:
handleSlide(slide)
+
def handleSlide(slide):
handleSlideTitle(slide.getElementsByTagName("title")[0])
handlePoints(slide.getElementsByTagName("point"))
+
def handleSlideshowTitle(title):
print("%s" % getText(title.childNodes))
+
def handleSlideTitle(title):
print("%s
" % getText(title.childNodes))
+
def handlePoints(points):
print("")
for point in points:
handlePoint(point)
print("
")
+
def handlePoint(point):
print("%s" % getText(point.childNodes))
+
def handleToc(slides):
for slide in slides:
title = slide.getElementsByTagName("title")[0]
diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py b/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py
--- a/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@
# All rights reserved.
#
-import time, sys, multiprocessing, threading, queue, gc
+import time
+import sys
+import multiprocessing
+import threading
+import queue
+import gc
if sys.platform == 'win32':
_timer = time.clock
@@ -28,6 +33,7 @@
q.put('STOP')
+
def test_queuespeed(Process, q, c):
elapsed = 0
iterations = 1
@@ -51,8 +57,9 @@
p.join()
- print(iterations, 'objects passed through the queue in', elapsed, 'seconds')
- print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed)
+ print(iterations, 'objects passed through the queue in',
+ elapsed, 'seconds')
+ print('average number/sec:', iterations / elapsed)
#### TEST_PIPESPEED
@@ -68,6 +75,7 @@
c.send('STOP')
+
def test_pipespeed():
c, d = multiprocessing.Pipe()
cond = multiprocessing.Condition()
@@ -93,8 +101,9 @@
elapsed = _timer() - t
p.join()
- print(iterations, 'objects passed through connection in',elapsed,'seconds')
- print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed)
+ print(iterations, 'objects passed through connection in',
+ elapsed, 'seconds')
+ print('average number/sec:', iterations / elapsed)
#### TEST_SEQSPEED
@@ -111,10 +120,10 @@
for i in range(iterations):
a = seq[5]
- elapsed = _timer()-t
+ elapsed = _timer() - t
print(iterations, 'iterations in', elapsed, 'seconds')
- print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed)
+ print('average number/sec:', iterations / elapsed)
#### TEST_LOCK
@@ -132,10 +141,10 @@
l.acquire()
l.release()
- elapsed = _timer()-t
+ elapsed = _timer() - t
print(iterations, 'iterations in', elapsed, 'seconds')
- print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed)
+ print('average number/sec:', iterations / elapsed)
#### TEST_CONDITION
@@ -150,6 +159,7 @@
c.release()
+
def test_conditionspeed(Process, c):
elapsed = 0
iterations = 1
@@ -169,7 +179,7 @@
c.notify()
c.wait()
- elapsed = _timer()-t
+ elapsed = _timer() - t
c.release()
p.join()
@@ -177,6 +187,7 @@
print(iterations * 2, 'waits in', elapsed, 'seconds')
print('average number/sec:', iterations * 2 / elapsed)
+
####
def test():
diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py b/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py
--- a/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py
@@ -10,36 +10,42 @@
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager, BaseProxy
import operator
-##
class Foo:
def f(self):
print('you called Foo.f()')
+
def g(self):
print('you called Foo.g()')
+
def _h(self):
print('you called Foo._h()')
+
# A simple generator function
def baz():
for i in range(10):
- yield i*i
+ yield i * i
+
# Proxy type for generator objects
class GeneratorProxy(BaseProxy):
_exposed_ = ('next', '__next__')
+
def __iter__(self):
return self
+
def __next__(self):
return self._callmethod('next')
+
def __next__(self):
return self._callmethod('__next__')
+
# Function to return the operator module
def get_operator_module():
return operator
-##
class MyManager(BaseManager):
pass
@@ -56,7 +62,6 @@
# register get_operator_module(); make public functions accessible via proxy
MyManager.register('operator', get_operator_module)
-##
def test():
manager = MyManager()
diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py b/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py
--- a/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
import random
import sys
+
#
# Functions used by test code
#
-
def calculate(func, args):
result = func(*args)
return '%s says that %s%s = %s' % (
@@ -21,30 +21,36 @@
func.__name__, args, result
)
+
def calculatestar(args):
return calculate(*args)
+
def mul(a, b):
- time.sleep(0.5*random.random())
+ time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())
return a * b
+
def plus(a, b):
- time.sleep(0.5*random.random())
+ time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())
return a + b
+
def f(x):
- return 1.0 / (x-5.0)
+ return 1.0 / (x - 5.0)
+
def pow3(x):
- return x**3
+ return x ** 3
+
def noop(x):
pass
+
#
# Test code
#
-
def test():
print('cpu_count() = %d\n' % multiprocessing.cpu_count())
@@ -107,9 +113,9 @@
(N, time.time() - t))
t = time.time()
- C = list(pool.imap(pow3, range(N), chunksize=N//8))
+ C = list(pool.imap(pow3, range(N), chunksize=N // 8))
print('\tlist(pool.imap(pow3, range(%d), chunksize=%d)):\n\t\t%s' \
- ' seconds' % (N, N//8, time.time() - t))
+ ' seconds' % (N, N // 8, time.time() - t))
assert A == B == C, (len(A), len(B), len(C))
print()
@@ -129,9 +135,9 @@
(time.time() - t))
t = time.time()
- C = list(pool.imap(noop, L, chunksize=len(L)//8))
+ C = list(pool.imap(noop, L, chunksize=len(L) // 8))
print('\tlist(pool.imap(noop, L, chunksize=%d)):\n\t\t%s seconds' % \
- (len(L)//8, time.time() - t))
+ (len(L) // 8, time.time() - t))
assert A == B == C, (len(A), len(B), len(C))
print()
diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py b/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py
--- a/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
# All rights reserved.
#
-import time, sys, random
+import time
+import sys
+import random
from queue import Empty
import multiprocessing # may get overwritten
@@ -15,13 +17,15 @@
def value_func(running, mutex):
random.seed()
- time.sleep(random.random()*4)
+ time.sleep(random.random() * 4)
mutex.acquire()
- print('\n\t\t\t' + str(multiprocessing.current_process()) + ' has finished')
+ print('\n\t\t\t' + str(multiprocessing.current_process()) + \
+ ' has finished')
running.value -= 1
mutex.release()
+
def test_value():
TASKS = 10
running = multiprocessing.Value('i', TASKS)
@@ -47,9 +51,10 @@
def queue_func(queue):
for i in range(30):
time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())
- queue.put(i*i)
+ queue.put(i * i)
queue.put('STOP')
+
def test_queue():
q = multiprocessing.Queue()
@@ -79,6 +84,7 @@
cond.notify()
cond.release()
+
def test_condition():
cond = multiprocessing.Condition()
@@ -116,7 +122,7 @@
mutex.release()
random.seed()
- time.sleep(random.random()*2)
+ time.sleep(random.random() * 2)
mutex.acquire()
running.value -= 1
@@ -125,6 +131,7 @@
sema.release()
+
def test_semaphore():
sema = multiprocessing.Semaphore(3)
mutex = multiprocessing.RLock()
@@ -150,6 +157,7 @@
time.sleep(5.5)
print('\n\tchild terminating')
+
def test_join_timeout():
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=join_timeout_func)
p.start()
@@ -171,6 +179,7 @@
event.wait()
print('\t%r has woken up' % multiprocessing.current_process())
+
def test_event():
event = multiprocessing.Event()
@@ -205,6 +214,7 @@
print('Tests passed')
+
def test_sharedvalues():
values = [
('i', 10),
@@ -237,9 +247,9 @@
multiprocessing = namespace
- for func in [ test_value, test_queue, test_condition,
- test_semaphore, test_join_timeout, test_event,
- test_sharedvalues ]:
+ for func in [test_value, test_queue, test_condition,
+ test_semaphore, test_join_timeout, test_event,
+ test_sharedvalues]:
print('\n\t######## %s\n' % func.__name__)
func()
diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py b/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py
--- a/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
def note(format, *args):
- sys.stderr.write('[%s]\t%s\n' % (current_process().name, format%args))
+ sys.stderr.write('[%s]\t%s\n' % (current_process().name, format % args))
class RequestHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
def log_message(self, format, *args):
note(format, *args)
+
def serve_forever(server):
note('starting server')
try:
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@
server = HTTPServer(address, RequestHandler)
# create child processes to act as workers
- for i in range(number_of_processes-1):
+ for i in range(number_of_processes - 1):
Process(target=serve_forever, args=(server,)).start()
# main process also acts as a worker
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@
print('Serving at http://%s:%d using %d worker processes' % \
(ADDRESS[0], ADDRESS[1], NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES))
- print('To exit press Ctrl-' + ['C', 'Break'][sys.platform=='win32'])
+ print('To exit press Ctrl-' + ['C', 'Break'][sys.platform == 'win32'])
os.chdir(DIR)
runpool(ADDRESS, NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES)
diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py b/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py
--- a/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py
@@ -16,39 +16,37 @@
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, current_process, freeze_support
+
#
# Function run by worker processes
#
-
def worker(input, output):
for func, args in iter(input.get, 'STOP'):
result = calculate(func, args)
output.put(result)
+
#
# Function used to calculate result
#
-
def calculate(func, args):
result = func(*args)
return '%s says that %s%s = %s' % \
(current_process().name, func.__name__, args, result)
+
#
# Functions referenced by tasks
#
-
def mul(a, b):
- time.sleep(0.5*random.random())
+ time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())
return a * b
+
def plus(a, b):
- time.sleep(0.5*random.random())
+ time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())
return a + b
-#
-#
-#
def test():
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES = 4
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_datetime.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_datetime.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_datetime.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_datetime.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
import sqlite3
-import datetime, time
+import datetime
+import time
+
def adapt_datetime(ts):
return time.mktime(ts.timetuple())
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_1.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_1.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_1.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_1.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
class Point:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x, self.y = x, y
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_2.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_2.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_2.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/adapter_point_2.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
import sqlite3
+
class Point:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x, self.y = x, y
+
def adapt_point(point):
return "%f;%f" % (point.x, point.y)
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/collation_reverse.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/collation_reverse.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/collation_reverse.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/collation_reverse.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
def collate_reverse(string1, string2):
if string1 == string2:
return 0
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/converter_point.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/converter_point.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/converter_point.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/converter_point.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
class Point:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x, self.y = x, y
@@ -7,9 +8,11 @@
def __repr__(self):
return "(%f;%f)" % (self.x, self.y)
+
def adapt_point(point):
return "%f;%f" % (point.x, point.y)
+
def convert_point(s):
x, y = list(map(float, s.split(";")))
return Point(x, y)
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/countcursors.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/countcursors.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/countcursors.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/countcursors.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
class CountCursorsConnection(sqlite3.Connection):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
sqlite3.Connection.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/ctx_manager.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/ctx_manager.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/ctx_manager.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/ctx_manager.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
import sqlite3
con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
-con.execute("create table person (id integer primary key, firstname varchar unique)")
+con.execute("create table person "
+ "(id integer primary key, firstname varchar unique)")
# Successful, con.commit() is called automatically afterwards
with con:
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_1.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_1.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_1.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_1.py
@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@
who = "Yeltsin"
age = 72
-cur.execute("select name_last, age from people where name_last=? and age=?", (who, age))
+cur.execute("select name_last, age from people "
+ "where name_last=? and age=?", (who, age))
print(cur.fetchone())
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_2.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_2.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_2.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_2.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
who = "Yeltsin"
age = 72
-cur.execute("select name_last, age from people where name_last=:who and age=:age",
- {"who": who, "age": age})
+cur.execute("select name_last, age from people "
+ "where name_last=:who and age=:age",
+ {"who": who, "age": age})
print(cur.fetchone())
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_3.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_3.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_3.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/execute_3.py
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
who = "Yeltsin"
age = 72
-cur.execute("select name_last, age from people where name_last=:who and age=:age",
- locals())
+cur.execute("select name_last, age from people "
+ "where name_last=:who and age=:age", locals())
print(cur.fetchone())
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_1.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_1.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_1.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_1.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
class IterChars:
def __init__(self):
self.count = ord('a')
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
if self.count > ord('z'):
raise StopIteration
self.count += 1
- return (chr(self.count - 1),) # this is a 1-tuple
+ return (chr(self.count - 1),) # this is a 1-tuple
con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
cur = con.cursor()
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_2.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_2.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_2.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/executemany_2.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
def char_generator():
import string
for c in string.letters[:26]:
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/md5func.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/md5func.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/md5func.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/md5func.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
import sqlite3
import hashlib
+
def md5sum(t):
return hashlib.md5(t).hexdigest()
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/mysumaggr.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/mysumaggr.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/mysumaggr.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/mysumaggr.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
class MySum:
def __init__(self):
self.count = 0
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/pysqlite_datetime.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/pysqlite_datetime.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/pysqlite_datetime.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/pysqlite_datetime.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
import sqlite3
import datetime
-con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES|sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES)
+con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES |
+ sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES)
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute("create table test(d date, ts timestamp)")
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@
print(today, "=>", row[0], type(row[0]))
print(now, "=>", row[1], type(row[1]))
-cur.execute('select current_date as "d [date]", current_timestamp as "ts [timestamp]"')
+cur.execute('select current_date as "d [date]", '
+ 'current_timestamp as "ts [timestamp]"')
row = cur.fetchone()
print("current_date", row[0], type(row[0]))
print("current_timestamp", row[1], type(row[1]))
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/row_factory.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/row_factory.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/row_factory.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/row_factory.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import sqlite3
+
def dict_factory(cursor, row):
d = {}
for idx, col in enumerate(cursor.description):
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/shortcut_methods.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/shortcut_methods.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/shortcut_methods.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/shortcut_methods.py
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
con.execute("create table person(firstname, lastname)")
# Fill the table
-con.executemany("insert into person(firstname, lastname) values (?, ?)", persons)
+con.executemany("insert into person(firstname, lastname) values (?, ?)",
+ persons)
# Print the table contents
for row in con.execute("select firstname, lastname from person"):
print(row)
# Using a dummy WHERE clause to not let SQLite take the shortcut table deletes.
-print("I just deleted", con.execute("delete from person where 1=1").rowcount, "rows")
+print("I just deleted", con.execute("delete from person where 1=1").rowcount,
+ "rows")
diff --git a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/simple_tableprinter.py b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/simple_tableprinter.py
--- a/Doc/includes/sqlite3/simple_tableprinter.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/sqlite3/simple_tableprinter.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
# Print a header.
for fieldDesc in cur.description:
print(fieldDesc[0].ljust(FIELD_MAX_WIDTH), end=' ')
-print() # Finish the header with a newline.
+print() # Finish the header with a newline.
print('-' * 78)
# For each row, print the value of each field left-justified within
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@
fieldValue = str(row[fieldIndex])
print(fieldValue.ljust(FIELD_MAX_WIDTH), end=' ')
- print() # Finish the row with a newline.
+ print() # Finish the row with a newline.
diff --git a/Doc/includes/test.py b/Doc/includes/test.py
--- a/Doc/includes/test.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/test.py
@@ -209,5 +209,6 @@
sys.path.append(src)
if __name__ == "__main__":
- import doctest, __main__
+ import doctest
+ import __main__
doctest.testmod(__main__)
diff --git a/Doc/includes/tzinfo-examples.py b/Doc/includes/tzinfo-examples.py
--- a/Doc/includes/tzinfo-examples.py
+++ b/Doc/includes/tzinfo-examples.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
ZERO = timedelta(0)
HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
+
# A UTC class.
class UTC(tzinfo):
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
utc = UTC()
+
# A class building tzinfo objects for fixed-offset time zones.
# Note that FixedOffset(0, "UTC") is a different way to build a
# UTC tzinfo object.
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@
"""Fixed offset in minutes east from UTC."""
def __init__(self, offset, name):
- self.__offset = timedelta(minutes = offset)
+ self.__offset = timedelta(minutes=offset)
self.__name = name
def utcoffset(self, dt):
@@ -43,14 +45,15 @@
import time as _time
-STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone)
+STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds=-_time.timezone)
if _time.daylight:
- DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone)
+ DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds=-_time.altzone)
else:
DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET
DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET
+
class LocalTimezone(tzinfo):
def utcoffset(self, dt):
@@ -113,6 +116,7 @@
DSTSTART_1967_1986 = datetime(1, 4, 24, 2)
DSTEND_1967_1986 = DSTEND_1987_2006
+
class USTimeZone(tzinfo):
def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):