diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/codecs.rst --- a/Doc/library/codecs.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/codecs.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ Strings are stored internally as sequences of codepoints (to be precise as :ctype:`Py_UNICODE` arrays). Depending on the way Python is compiled (either -via :option:`--without-wide-unicode` or :option:`--with-wide-unicode`, with the +via ``--without-wide-unicode`` or ``--with-wide-unicode``, with the former being the default) :ctype:`Py_UNICODE` is either a 16-bit or 32-bit data type. Once a string object is used outside of CPU and memory, CPU endianness and how these arrays are stored as bytes become an issue. Transforming a diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/compileall.rst --- a/Doc/library/compileall.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/compileall.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ This module may also be used as a script (using the :option:`-m` Python flag) to compile Python sources. Directories to recursively traverse (passing -:option:`-l` stops the recursive behavior) for sources are listed on the command +``-l`` stops the recursive behavior) for sources are listed on the command line. If no arguments are given, the invocation is equivalent to ``-l sys.path``. Printing lists of the files compiled can be disabled with the -:option:`-q` flag. In addition, the :option:`-x` option takes a regular +``-q`` flag. In addition, the ``-x`` option takes a regular expression argument. All files that match the expression will be skipped. -The :option:`-b` flag may be given to write legacy ``.pyc`` file path names, +The ``-b`` flag may be given to write legacy ``.pyc`` file path names, otherwise :pep:`3147` style byte-compiled path names are written. diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/doctest.rst --- a/Doc/library/doctest.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/doctest.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ $ There's no output! That's normal, and it means all the examples worked. Pass -:option:`-v` to the script, and :mod:`doctest` prints a detailed log of what +``-v`` to the script, and :mod:`doctest` prints a detailed log of what it's trying, and prints a summary at the end:: $ python example.py -v @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ final line of output is ``***Test Failed*** N failures.``, where *N* is the number of examples that failed. -Run it with the :option:`-v` switch instead:: +Run it with the ``-v`` switch instead:: python M.py -v @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ You can force verbose mode by passing ``verbose=True`` to :func:`testmod`, or prohibit it by passing ``verbose=False``. In either of those cases, -``sys.argv`` is not examined by :func:`testmod` (so passing :option:`-v` or not +``sys.argv`` is not examined by :func:`testmod` (so passing ``-v`` or not has no effect). There is also a command line shortcut for running :func:`testmod`. You can @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ that can be used to tell it to look for files in other locations. Like :func:`testmod`, :func:`testfile`'s verbosity can be set with the -:option:`-v` command-line switch or with the optional keyword argument +``-v`` command-line switch or with the optional keyword argument *verbose*. There is also a command line shortcut for running :func:`testfile`. You can @@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ verbosity. If *verbose* is ``True``, then information is printed about each example, as it is run. If *verbose* is ``False``, then only failures are printed. If *verbose* is unspecified, or ``None``, then verbose output is used - iff the command-line switch :option:`-v` is used. + iff the command-line switch ``-v`` is used. The optional keyword argument *optionflags* can be used to control how the test runner compares expected output to actual output, and how it displays failures. diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/exceptions.rst --- a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Raised when a floating point operation fails. This exception is always defined, but can only be raised when Python is configured with the - :option:`--with-fpectl` option, or the :const:`WANT_SIGFPE_HANDLER` symbol is + ``--with-fpectl`` option, or the :const:`WANT_SIGFPE_HANDLER` symbol is defined in the :file:`pyconfig.h` file. diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/getopt.rst --- a/Doc/library/getopt.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/getopt.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ empty string. Long options on the command line can be recognized so long as they provide a prefix of the option name that matches exactly one of the accepted options. For example, if *longopts* is ``['foo', 'frob']``, the - option :option:`--fo` will match as :option:`--foo`, but :option:`--f` will + option ``--fo`` will match as ``--foo``, but ``--f`` will not match uniquely, so :exc:`GetoptError` will be raised. The return value consists of two elements: the first is a list of ``(option, diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/idle.rst --- a/Doc/library/idle.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/idle.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -286,13 +286,13 @@ If there are arguments: -#. If :option:`-e` is used, arguments are files opened for editing and +#. If ``-e`` is used, arguments are files opened for editing and ``sys.argv`` reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself. -#. Otherwise, if :option:`-c` is used, all arguments are placed in +#. Otherwise, if ``-c`` is used, all arguments are placed in ``sys.argv[1:...]``, with ``sys.argv[0]`` set to ``'-c'``. -#. Otherwise, if neither :option:`-e` nor :option:`-c` is used, the first +#. Otherwise, if neither ``-e`` nor ``-c`` is used, the first argument is a script which is executed with the remaining arguments in ``sys.argv[1:...]`` and ``sys.argv[0]`` set to the script name. If the script name is '-', no script is executed but an interactive Python session is started; diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/optparse.rst --- a/Doc/library/optparse.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/optparse.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ As it parses the command line, :mod:`optparse` sets attributes of the ``options`` object returned by :meth:`parse_args` based on user-supplied command-line values. When :meth:`parse_args` returns from parsing this command -line, ``options.filename`` will be ``"outfile"`` and ``options.verbose`` will be +line, ``options.filename`` will be ``outfile`` and ``options.verbose`` will be ``False``. :mod:`optparse` supports both long and short options, allows short options to be merged together, and allows options to be associated with their arguments in a variety of ways. Thus, the following command lines are all @@ -104,26 +104,26 @@ an argument used to supply extra information to guide or customize the execution of a program. There are many different syntaxes for options; the traditional Unix syntax is a hyphen ("-") followed by a single letter, - e.g. ``"-x"`` or ``"-F"``. Also, traditional Unix syntax allows multiple - options to be merged into a single argument, e.g. ``"-x -F"`` is equivalent - to ``"-xF"``. The GNU project introduced ``"--"`` followed by a series of - hyphen-separated words, e.g. ``"--file"`` or ``"--dry-run"``. These are the + e.g. ``-x`` or ``-F``. Also, traditional Unix syntax allows multiple + options to be merged into a single argument, e.g. ``-x -F`` is equivalent + to ``-xF``. The GNU project introduced ``--`` followed by a series of + hyphen-separated words, e.g. ``--file`` or ``--dry-run``. These are the only two option syntaxes provided by :mod:`optparse`. Some other option syntaxes that the world has seen include: - * a hyphen followed by a few letters, e.g. ``"-pf"`` (this is *not* the same + * a hyphen followed by a few letters, e.g. ``-pf`` (this is *not* the same as multiple options merged into a single argument) - * a hyphen followed by a whole word, e.g. ``"-file"`` (this is technically + * a hyphen followed by a whole word, e.g. ``-file`` (this is technically equivalent to the previous syntax, but they aren't usually seen in the same program) * a plus sign followed by a single letter, or a few letters, or a word, e.g. - ``"+f"``, ``"+rgb"`` + ``+f``, ``+rgb`` - * a slash followed by a letter, or a few letters, or a word, e.g. ``"/f"``, - ``"/file"`` + * a slash followed by a letter, or a few letters, or a word, e.g. ``/f``, + ``/file`` These option syntaxes are not supported by :mod:`optparse`, and they never will be. This is deliberate: the first three are non-standard on any @@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ Typically, a given option either takes an argument or it doesn't. Lots of people want an "optional option arguments" feature, meaning that some options will take an argument if they see it, and won't if they don't. This is - somewhat controversial, because it makes parsing ambiguous: if ``"-a"`` takes - an optional argument and ``"-b"`` is another option entirely, how do we - interpret ``"-ab"``? Because of this ambiguity, :mod:`optparse` does not + somewhat controversial, because it makes parsing ambiguous: if ``-a`` takes + an optional argument and ``-b`` is another option entirely, how do we + interpret ``-ab``? Because of this ambiguity, :mod:`optparse` does not support this feature. positional argument @@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ prog -v --report /tmp/report.txt foo bar -``"-v"`` and ``"--report"`` are both options. Assuming that :option:`--report` -takes one argument, ``"/tmp/report.txt"`` is an option argument. ``"foo"`` and -``"bar"`` are positional arguments. +``-v`` and ``--report`` are both options. Assuming that ``--report`` +takes one argument, ``/tmp/report.txt`` is an option argument. ``foo`` and +``bar`` are positional arguments. .. _optparse-what-options-for: @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ parser.add_option(opt_str, ..., attr=value, ...) -Each option has one or more option strings, such as ``"-f"`` or ``"--file"``, +Each option has one or more option strings, such as ``-f`` or ``--file``, and several option attributes that tell :mod:`optparse` what to expect and what to do when it encounters that option on the command line. @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ :meth:`parse_args` returns two values: * ``options``, an object containing values for all of your options---e.g. if - ``"--file"`` takes a single string argument, then ``options.file`` will be the + ``--file`` takes a single string argument, then ``options.file`` will be the filename supplied by the user, or ``None`` if the user did not supply that option @@ -333,9 +333,9 @@ args = ["-f", "foo.txt"] (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args) -When :mod:`optparse` sees the option string ``"-f"``, it consumes the next -argument, ``"foo.txt"``, and stores it in ``options.filename``. So, after this -call to :meth:`parse_args`, ``options.filename`` is ``"foo.txt"``. +When :mod:`optparse` sees the option string ``-f``, it consumes the next +argument, ``foo.txt``, and stores it in ``options.filename``. So, after this +call to :meth:`parse_args`, ``options.filename`` is ``foo.txt``. Some other option types supported by :mod:`optparse` are ``int`` and ``float``. Here's an option that expects an integer argument:: @@ -346,13 +346,13 @@ Also, there's no explicit action, since the default is ``store``. Let's parse another fake command-line. This time, we'll jam the option argument -right up against the option: since ``"-n42"`` (one argument) is equivalent to -``"-n 42"`` (two arguments), the code :: +right up against the option: since ``-n42`` (one argument) is equivalent to +``-n 42`` (two arguments), the code :: (options, args) = parser.parse_args(["-n42"]) print(options.num) -will print ``"42"``. +will print ``42``. If you don't specify a type, :mod:`optparse` assumes ``string``. Combined with the fact that the default action is ``store``, that means our first example can @@ -362,9 +362,9 @@ If you don't supply a destination, :mod:`optparse` figures out a sensible default from the option strings: if the first long option string is -``"--foo-bar"``, then the default destination is ``foo_bar``. If there are no +``--foo-bar``, then the default destination is ``foo_bar``. If there are no long option strings, :mod:`optparse` looks at the first short option string: the -default destination for ``"-f"`` is ``f``. +default destination for ``-f`` is ``f``. :mod:`optparse` also includes the built-in ``complex`` type. Adding types is covered in section :ref:`optparse-extending-optparse`. @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Flag options---set a variable to true or false when a particular option is seen ---are quite common. :mod:`optparse` supports them with two separate actions, ``store_true`` and ``store_false``. For example, you might have a ``verbose`` -flag that is turned on with ``"-v"`` and off with ``"-q"``:: +flag that is turned on with ``-v`` and off with ``-q``:: parser.add_option("-v", action="store_true", dest="verbose") parser.add_option("-q", action="store_false", dest="verbose") @@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ OK. (It just means you have to be a bit careful when setting default values--- see below.) -When :mod:`optparse` encounters ``"-v"`` on the command line, it sets -``options.verbose`` to ``True``; when it encounters ``"-q"``, +When :mod:`optparse` encounters ``-v`` on the command line, it sets +``options.verbose`` to ``True``; when it encounters ``-q``, ``options.verbose`` is set to ``False``. @@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ command line is parsed. First, consider the verbose/quiet example. If we want :mod:`optparse` to set -``verbose`` to ``True`` unless ``"-q"`` is seen, then we can do this:: +``verbose`` to ``True`` unless ``-q`` is seen, then we can do this:: parser.add_option("-v", action="store_true", dest="verbose", default=True) parser.add_option("-q", action="store_false", dest="verbose") @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ help="interaction mode: novice, intermediate, " "or expert [default: %default]") -If :mod:`optparse` encounters either ``"-h"`` or ``"--help"`` on the +If :mod:`optparse` encounters either ``-h`` or ``--help`` on the command-line, or if you just call :meth:`parser.print_help`, it prints the following to standard output: @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ usage = "usage: %prog [options] arg1 arg2" - :mod:`optparse` expands ``"%prog"`` in the usage string to the name of the + :mod:`optparse` expands ``%prog`` in the usage string to the name of the current program, i.e. ``os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])``. The expanded string is then printed before the detailed option help. @@ -531,17 +531,17 @@ -m MODE, --mode=MODE Here, "MODE" is called the meta-variable: it stands for the argument that the - user is expected to supply to :option:`-m`/:option:`--mode`. By default, + user is expected to supply to ``-m``/``--mode``. By default, :mod:`optparse` converts the destination variable name to uppercase and uses that for the meta-variable. Sometimes, that's not what you want---for - example, the :option:`--filename` option explicitly sets ``metavar="FILE"``, + example, the ``--filename`` option explicitly sets ``metavar="FILE"``, resulting in this automatically-generated option description:: -f FILE, --filename=FILE This is important for more than just saving space, though: the manually written help text uses the meta-variable "FILE" to clue the user in that - there's a connection between the semi-formal syntax "-f FILE" and the informal + there's a connection between the semi-formal syntax -f FILE" and the informal semantic description "write output to FILE". This is a simple but effective way to make your help text a lot clearer and more useful for end users. @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ ``"%prog"`` is expanded just like it is in ``usage``. Apart from that, ``version`` can contain anything you like. When you supply it, :mod:`optparse` -automatically adds a ``"--version"`` option to your parser. If it encounters +automatically adds a ``--version`` option to your parser. If it encounters this option on the command line, it expands your ``version`` string (by replacing ``"%prog"``), prints it to stdout, and exits. @@ -633,9 +633,9 @@ Handling user errors is much more important, since they are guaranteed to happen no matter how stable your code is. :mod:`optparse` can automatically detect -some user errors, such as bad option arguments (passing ``"-n 4x"`` where -:option:`-n` takes an integer argument), missing arguments (``"-n"`` at the end -of the command line, where :option:`-n` takes an argument of any type). Also, +some user errors, such as bad option arguments (passing ``-n 4x`` where +``-n`` takes an integer argument), missing arguments (``-n`` at the end +of the command line, where ``-n`` takes an argument of any type). Also, you can call :func:`OptionParser.error` to signal an application-defined error condition:: @@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ program's usage message and an error message to standard error and exits with error status 2. -Consider the first example above, where the user passes ``"4x"`` to an option +Consider the first example above, where the user passes ``4x`` to an option that takes an integer:: $ /usr/bin/foo -n 4x @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ ``version`` (default: ``None``) A version string to print when the user supplies a version option. If you supply a true value for ``version``, :mod:`optparse` automatically adds a - version option with the single option string ``"--version"``. The + version option with the single option string ``--version``. The substring ``"%prog"`` is expanded the same as for ``usage``. ``conflict_handler`` (default: ``"error"``) @@ -761,8 +761,8 @@ IndentedHelpFormatter and TitledHelpFormatter. ``add_help_option`` (default: ``True``) - If true, :mod:`optparse` will add a help option (with option strings ``"-h"`` - and ``"--help"``) to the parser. + If true, :mod:`optparse` will add a help option (with option strings ``-h`` + and ``--help``) to the parser. ``prog`` The string to use when expanding ``"%prog"`` in ``usage`` and ``version`` @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Each Option instance represents a set of synonymous command-line option strings, -e.g. :option:`-f` and :option:`--file`. You can specify any number of short or +e.g. ``-f`` and ``--file``. You can specify any number of short or long option strings, but you must specify at least one overall option string. The canonical way to create an :class:`Option` instance is with the @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ .. attribute:: Option.help Help text to print for this option when listing all available options after - the user supplies a :attr:`~Option.help` option (such as ``"--help"``). If + the user supplies a :attr:`~Option.help` option (such as ``--help``). If no help text is supplied, the option will be listed without help text. To hide this option, use the special value :data:`optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP`. @@ -1010,9 +1010,9 @@ If :attr:`~Option.type` is not supplied, it defaults to ``"string"``. If :attr:`~Option.dest` is not supplied, :mod:`optparse` derives a destination - from the first long option string (e.g., ``"--foo-bar"`` implies + from the first long option string (e.g., ``--foo-bar`` implies ``foo_bar``). If there are no long option strings, :mod:`optparse` derives a - destination from the first short option string (e.g., ``"-f"`` implies ``f``). + destination from the first short option string (e.g., ``-f`` implies ``f``). Example:: @@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ parser.add_option("--noisy", action="store_const", const=2, dest="verbose") - If ``"--noisy"`` is seen, :mod:`optparse` will set :: + If ``--noisy`` is seen, :mod:`optparse` will set :: options.verbose = 2 @@ -1078,13 +1078,13 @@ parser.add_option("-t", "--tracks", action="append", type="int") - If ``"-t3"`` is seen on the command-line, :mod:`optparse` does the equivalent + If ``-t3`` is seen on the command-line, :mod:`optparse` does the equivalent of:: options.tracks = [] options.tracks.append(int("3")) - If, a little later on, ``"--tracks=4"`` is seen, it does:: + If, a little later on, ``--tracks=4`` is seen, it does:: options.tracks.append(int("4")) @@ -1106,13 +1106,13 @@ parser.add_option("-v", action="count", dest="verbosity") - The first time ``"-v"`` is seen on the command line, :mod:`optparse` does the + The first time ``-v`` is seen on the command line, :mod:`optparse` does the equivalent of:: options.verbosity = 0 options.verbosity += 1 - Every subsequent occurrence of ``"-v"`` results in :: + Every subsequent occurrence of ``-v`` results in :: options.verbosity += 1 @@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ help="Input file to read data from") parser.add_option("--secret", help=SUPPRESS_HELP) - If :mod:`optparse` sees either ``"-h"`` or ``"--help"`` on the command line, + If :mod:`optparse` sees either ``-h`` or ``--help`` on the command line, it will print something like the following help message to stdout (assuming ``sys.argv[0]`` is ``"foo.py"``): @@ -1269,8 +1269,8 @@ .. method:: OptionParser.disable_interspersed_args() - Set parsing to stop on the first non-option. For example, if ``"-a"`` and - ``"-b"`` are both simple options that take no arguments, :mod:`optparse` + Set parsing to stop on the first non-option. For example, if ``-a`` and + ``-b`` are both simple options that take no arguments, :mod:`optparse` normally accepts this syntax:: prog -a arg1 -b arg2 @@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ .. method:: OptionParser.has_option(opt_str) Return true if the OptionParser has an option with option string *opt_str* - (e.g., ``"-q"`` or ``"--verbose"``). + (e.g., ``-q`` or ``--verbose``). .. method:: OptionParser.remove_option(opt_str) @@ -1353,9 +1353,9 @@ parser.add_option("-n", "--noisy", ..., help="be noisy") At this point, :mod:`optparse` detects that a previously-added option is already -using the ``"-n"`` option string. Since ``conflict_handler`` is ``"resolve"``, -it resolves the situation by removing ``"-n"`` from the earlier option's list of -option strings. Now ``"--dry-run"`` is the only way for the user to activate +using the ``-n`` option string. Since ``conflict_handler`` is ``"resolve"``, +it resolves the situation by removing ``-n`` from the earlier option's list of +option strings. Now ``--dry-run`` is the only way for the user to activate that option. If the user asks for help, the help message will reflect that:: options: @@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ parser.add_option("--dry-run", ..., help="new dry-run option") -At this point, the original :option:`-n/--dry-run` option is no longer +At this point, the original ``-n/--dry-run`` option is no longer accessible, so :mod:`optparse` removes it, leaving this help text:: options: @@ -1473,9 +1473,9 @@ ``callback`` is a function (or other callable object), so you must have already defined ``my_callback()`` when you create this callback option. In this simple -case, :mod:`optparse` doesn't even know if :option:`-c` takes any arguments, +case, :mod:`optparse` doesn't even know if ``-c`` takes any arguments, which usually means that the option takes no arguments---the mere presence of -:option:`-c` on the command-line is all it needs to know. In some +``-c`` on the command-line is all it needs to know. In some circumstances, though, you might want your callback to consume an arbitrary number of command-line arguments. This is where writing callbacks gets tricky; it's covered later in this section. @@ -1528,9 +1528,9 @@ ``opt_str`` is the option string seen on the command-line that's triggering the callback. (If an abbreviated long option was used, ``opt_str`` will be the full, - canonical option string---e.g. if the user puts ``"--foo"`` on the - command-line as an abbreviation for ``"--foobar"``, then ``opt_str`` will be - ``"--foobar"``.) + canonical option string---e.g. if the user puts ``--foo`` on the + command-line as an abbreviation for ``--foobar``, then ``opt_str`` will be + ``--foobar``.) ``value`` is the argument to this option seen on the command-line. :mod:`optparse` will @@ -1604,8 +1604,8 @@ Callback example 2: check option order ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -Here's a slightly more interesting example: record the fact that ``"-a"`` is -seen, but blow up if it comes after ``"-b"`` in the command-line. :: +Here's a slightly more interesting example: record the fact that ``-a`` is +seen, but blow up if it comes after ``-b`` in the command-line. :: def check_order(option, opt_str, value, parser): if parser.values.b: @@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If you want to re-use this callback for several similar options (set a flag, but -blow up if ``"-b"`` has already been seen), it needs a bit of work: the error +blow up if ``-b`` has already been seen), it needs a bit of work: the error message and the flag that it sets must be generalized. :: def check_order(option, opt_str, value, parser): @@ -1692,15 +1692,15 @@ built-in capabilities for it. And you have to deal with certain intricacies of conventional Unix command-line parsing that :mod:`optparse` normally handles for you. In particular, callbacks should implement the conventional rules for bare -``"--"`` and ``"-"`` arguments: +``--`` and ``-`` arguments: -* either ``"--"`` or ``"-"`` can be option arguments +* either ``--`` or ``-`` can be option arguments -* bare ``"--"`` (if not the argument to some option): halt command-line - processing and discard the ``"--"`` +* bare ``--`` (if not the argument to some option): halt command-line + processing and discard the ``--`` -* bare ``"-"`` (if not the argument to some option): halt command-line - processing but keep the ``"-"`` (append it to ``parser.largs``) +* bare ``-`` (if not the argument to some option): halt command-line + processing but keep the ``-`` (append it to ``parser.largs``) If you want an option that takes a variable number of arguments, there are several subtle, tricky issues to worry about. The exact implementation you @@ -1771,7 +1771,7 @@ def check_mytype(option, opt, value) where ``option`` is an :class:`Option` instance, ``opt`` is an option string - (e.g., ``"-f"``), and ``value`` is the string from the command line that must + (e.g., ``-f``), and ``value`` is the string from the command line that must be checked and converted to your desired type. ``check_mytype()`` should return an object of the hypothetical type ``mytype``. The value returned by a type-checking function will wind up in the OptionValues instance returned @@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@ ``"append"`` action, but instead of taking a single value from the command-line and appending it to an existing list, ``"extend"`` will take multiple values in a single comma-delimited string, and extend an existing list with them. That -is, if ``"--names"`` is an ``"extend"`` option of type ``"string"``, the command +is, if ``--names`` is an ``"extend"`` option of type ``"string"``, the command line :: --names=foo,bar --names blah --names ding,dong diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/pydoc.rst --- a/Doc/library/pydoc.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/pydoc.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -40,27 +40,27 @@ executed on that occasion. Use an ``if __name__ == '__main__':`` guard to only execute code when a file is invoked as a script and not just imported. -Specifying a :option:`-w` flag before the argument will cause HTML documentation +Specifying a ``-w`` flag before the argument will cause HTML documentation to be written out to a file in the current directory, instead of displaying text on the console. -Specifying a :option:`-k` flag before the argument will search the synopsis +Specifying a ``-k`` flag before the argument will search the synopsis lines of all available modules for the keyword given as the argument, again in a manner similar to the Unix :program:`man` command. The synopsis line of a module is the first line of its documentation string. You can also use :program:`pydoc` to start an HTTP server on the local machine -that will serve documentation to visiting Web browsers. :program:`pydoc` -:option:`-p 1234` will start a HTTP server on port 1234, allowing you to browse +that will serve documentation to visiting Web browsers. ``pydoc -p 1234`` will +start a HTTP server on port 1234, allowing you to browse the documentation at ``http://localhost:1234/`` in your preferred Web browser. -:program:`pydoc` :option:`-g` will start the server and additionally bring up a -small :mod:`tkinter`\ -based graphical interface to help you search for +``pydoc -g`` will start the server and additionally bring up a small +:mod:`tkinter`\ -based graphical interface to help you search for documentation pages. When :program:`pydoc` generates documentation, it uses the current environment -and path to locate modules. Thus, invoking :program:`pydoc` :option:`spam` -documents precisely the version of the module you would get if you started the -Python interpreter and typed ``import spam``. +and path to locate modules. Thus, invoking ``pydoc spam`` documents precisely +the version of the module you would get if you started the Python interpreter +and typed ``import spam``. Module docs for core modules are assumed to reside in http://docs.python.org/library/. This can be overridden by setting the diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/sys.rst --- a/Doc/library/sys.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/sys.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ A string giving the site-specific directory prefix where the platform-dependent Python files are installed; by default, this is also ``'/usr/local'``. This can - be set at build time with the :option:`--exec-prefix` argument to the + be set at build time with the ``--exec-prefix`` argument to the :program:`configure` script. Specifically, all configuration files (e.g. the :file:`pyconfig.h` header file) are installed in the directory ``exec_prefix + '/lib/pythonversion/config'``, and shared library modules are installed in @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ A string giving the site-specific directory prefix where the platform independent Python files are installed; by default, this is the string - ``'/usr/local'``. This can be set at build time with the :option:`--prefix` + ``'/usr/local'``. This can be set at build time with the ``--prefix`` argument to the :program:`configure` script. The main collection of Python library modules is installed in the directory ``prefix + '/lib/pythonversion'`` while the platform independent header files (all except :file:`pyconfig.h`) are @@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ Activate dumping of VM measurements using the Pentium timestamp counter, if *on_flag* is true. Deactivate these dumps if *on_flag* is off. The function is - available only if Python was compiled with :option:`--with-tsc`. To understand + available only if Python was compiled with ``--with-tsc``. To understand the output of this dump, read :file:`Python/ceval.c` in the Python sources. .. impl-detail:: diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/test.rst --- a/Doc/library/test.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/test.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -162,26 +162,25 @@ tests in the :mod:`test` package. It does this by finding all modules in the package whose name starts with ``test_``, importing them, and executing the function :func:`test_main` if present. The names of tests to execute may also -be passed to the script. Specifying a single regression test (:program:`python -regrtest.py` :option:`test_spam.py`) will minimize output and only print +be passed to the script. Specifying a single regression test +(``python regrtest.py test_spam.py``) will minimize output and only print whether the test passed or failed and thus minimize output. Running :mod:`test.regrtest` directly allows what resources are available for -tests to use to be set. You do this by using the :option:`-u` command-line -option. Run :program:`python regrtest.py` :option:`-uall` to turn on all -resources; specifying :option:`all` as an option for :option:`-u` enables all +tests to use to be set. You do this by using the ``-u`` command-line +option. Run ``python regrtest.py -uall`` to turn on all +resources; specifying ``all`` as an option for ``-u`` enables all possible resources. If all but one resource is desired (a more common case), a comma-separated list of resources that are not desired may be listed after -:option:`all`. The command :program:`python regrtest.py` -:option:`-uall,-audio,-largefile` will run :mod:`test.regrtest` with all -resources except the :option:`audio` and :option:`largefile` resources. For a -list of all resources and more command-line options, run :program:`python -regrtest.py` :option:`-h`. +``all``. The command ``python regrtest.py -uall,-audio,-largefile`` will run +:mod:`test.regrtest` with all resources except the ``audio`` and ``largefile`` +resources. For a list of all resources and more command-line options, run +``python regrtest.py -h``. Some other ways to execute the regression tests depend on what platform the -tests are being executed on. On Unix, you can run :program:`make` -:option:`test` at the top-level directory where Python was built. On Windows, -executing :program:`rt.bat` from your :file:`PCBuild` directory will run all +tests are being executed on. On Unix, you can run ``make test`` at the +top-level directory where Python was built. On Windows, executing +``rt.bat`` from your :file:`PCBuild` directory will run all regression tests. diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/timeit.rst --- a/Doc/library/timeit.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/timeit.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -117,27 +117,36 @@ python -m timeit [-n N] [-r N] [-s S] [-t] [-c] [-h] [statement ...] -where the following options are understood: +Where the following options are understood: --n N/:option:`--number=N` +.. program:: timeit + +.. cmdoption:: -n N, --number=N + how many times to execute 'statement' --r N/:option:`--repeat=N` +.. cmdoption:: -r N, --repeat=N + how many times to repeat the timer (default 3) --s S/:option:`--setup=S` +.. cmdoption:: -s S, --setup=S + statement to be executed once initially (default ``'pass'``) --t/:option:`--time` +.. cmdoption:: -t, --time + use :func:`time.time` (default on all platforms but Windows) --c/:option:`--clock` +.. cmdoption:: -c, --clock + use :func:`time.clock` (default on Windows) --v/:option:`--verbose` +.. cmdoption:: -v, --verbose + print raw timing results; repeat for more digits precision --h/:option:`--help` +.. cmdoption:: -h, --help + print a short usage message and exit A multi-line statement may be given by specifying each line as a separate diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/unittest.rst --- a/Doc/library/unittest.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -220,13 +220,15 @@ unittest supports three command options. -* :option:`-b` / :option:`--buffer` +.. program:: unittest + +.. cmdoption:: -b, --buffer The standard output and standard error streams are buffered during the test run. Output during a passing test is discarded. Output is echoed normally on test fail or error and is added to the failure messages. -* :option:`-c` / :option:`--catch` +.. cmdoption:: -c, --catch Control-C during the test run waits for the current test to end and then reports all the results so far. A second control-C raises the normal @@ -234,12 +236,12 @@ See `Signal Handling`_ for the functions that provide this functionality. -* :option:`-f` / :option:`--failfast` +.. cmdoption:: -f, --failfast Stop the test run on the first error or failure. .. versionadded:: 3.2 - The command line options ``-c``, ``-b`` and ``-f`` were added. + The command line options :option:`-c`, :option:`-b` and :option:`-f` were added. The command line can also be used for test discovery, for running all of the tests in a project or just a subset. @@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ -t directory Top level directory of project (default to start directory) -The :option:`-s`, :option:`-p`, and :option:`-t` options can be passed in +The ``-s``, ``-p``, and ``-t`` options can be passed in as positional arguments in that order. The following two command lines are equivalent:: @@ -1908,7 +1910,7 @@ Signal Handling --------------- -The :option:`-c`/:option:`--catch` command line option to unittest, along with the ``catchbreak`` +The :option:`-c` command line option to unittest, along with the ``catchbreak`` parameter to :func:`unittest.main()`, provide more friendly handling of control-C during a test run. With catch break behavior enabled control-C will allow the currently running test to complete, and the test run will then end diff -r e7abcda8d854 Doc/library/webbrowser.rst --- a/Doc/library/webbrowser.rst Sat Aug 07 15:30:31 2010 +0300 +++ b/Doc/library/webbrowser.rst Sat Aug 07 16:31:17 2010 +0300 @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ The script :program:`webbrowser` can be used as a command-line interface for the module. It accepts an URL as the argument. It accepts the following optional -parameters: :option:`-n` opens the URL in a new browser window, if possible; -:option:`-t` opens the URL in a new browser page ("tab"). The options are, +parameters: ``-n`` opens the URL in a new browser window, if possible; +``-t`` opens the URL in a new browser page ("tab"). The options are, naturally, mutually exclusive. The following exception is defined: @@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ Open *url* in a new window of the default browser, if possible, otherwise, open *url* in the only browser window. - .. function:: open_new_tab(url) Open *url* in a new page ("tab") of the default browser, if possible, otherwise