Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_cast.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_cast.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_cast.py	(working copy)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
         # This didn't work: bad argument to internal function
         s = c_char_p("hiho")
         self.assertEqual(cast(cast(s, c_void_p), c_char_p).value,
-                             "hiho")
+                             b"hiho")
 
     try:
         c_wchar_p
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_funcptr.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_funcptr.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_funcptr.py	(working copy)
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@
         strchr = lib.my_strchr
         strchr.restype = c_char_p
         strchr.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char)
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdefghi", "b"), "bcdefghi")
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdefghi", "x"), None)
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdefghi", b"b"), b"bcdefghi")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdefghi", b"x"), None)
 
 
         strtok = lib.my_strtok
@@ -111,16 +111,16 @@
             size = len(init) + 1
             return (c_char*size)(*init)
 
-        s = "a\nb\nc"
+        s = b"a\nb\nc"
         b = c_string(s)
 
 ##        b = (c_char * (len(s)+1))()
 ##        b.value = s
 
 ##        b = c_string(s)
-        self.assertEqual(strtok(b, b"\n"), "a")
-        self.assertEqual(strtok(None, b"\n"), "b")
-        self.assertEqual(strtok(None, b"\n"), "c")
+        self.assertEqual(strtok(b, b"\n"), b"a")
+        self.assertEqual(strtok(None, b"\n"), b"b")
+        self.assertEqual(strtok(None, b"\n"), b"c")
         self.assertEqual(strtok(None, b"\n"), None)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_functions.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_functions.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_functions.py	(working copy)
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
         f.argtypes = None
         f.restype = c_char_p
         result = f(b"123")
-        self.assertEqual(result, "123")
+        self.assertEqual(result, b"123")
 
         result = f(None)
         self.assertEqual(result, None)
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_incomplete.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_incomplete.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_incomplete.py	(working copy)
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
         SetPointerType(lpcell, cell)
 
         c1 = cell()
-        c1.name = "foo"
+        c1.name = b"foo"
         c2 = cell()
-        c2.name = "bar"
+        c2.name = b"bar"
 
         c1.next = pointer(c2)
         c2.next = pointer(c1)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
         for i in range(8):
             result.append(p.name)
             p = p.next[0]
-        self.assertEqual(result, ["foo", "bar"] * 4)
+        self.assertEqual(result, [b"foo", b"bar"] * 4)
 
         # to not leak references, we must clean _pointer_type_cache
         from ctypes import _pointer_type_cache
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py	(working copy)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
     def test_cast(self):
         a = (c_ubyte * 32)(*map(ord, "abcdef"))
-        self.assertEqual(cast(a, c_char_p).value, "abcdef")
+        self.assertEqual(cast(a, c_char_p).value, b"abcdef")
         self.assertEqual(cast(a, POINTER(c_byte))[:7],
                              [97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 0])
         self.assertEqual(cast(a, POINTER(c_byte))[:7:],
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_objects.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_objects.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_objects.py	(working copy)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 >>> array._objects
 {'4': b'foo bar'}
 >>> array[4]
-'foo bar'
+b'foo bar'
 >>>
 
 It gets more complicated when the ctypes instance itself is contained
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_pointers.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_pointers.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_pointers.py	(working copy)
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@
         func.restype = c_char_p
         argv = (c_char_p * 2)()
         argc = c_int( 2 )
-        argv[0] = 'hello'
-        argv[1] = 'world'
+        argv[0] = b'hello'
+        argv[1] = b'world'
         result = func( byref(argc), argv )
-        assert result == 'world', result
+        self.assertEqual(result, b'world')
 
     def test_bug_1467852(self):
         # http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=532154&aid=1467852&group_id=71702
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_prototypes.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_prototypes.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_prototypes.py	(working copy)
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@
         func.argtypes = POINTER(c_char),
 
         self.assertEqual(None, func(None))
-        self.assertEqual("123", func("123"))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(b"123"))
         self.assertEqual(None, func(c_char_p(None)))
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(c_char_p("123")))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(c_char_p(b"123")))
 
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(c_buffer("123")))
-        ca = c_char("a")
-        self.assertEqual("a", func(pointer(ca))[0])
-        self.assertEqual("a", func(byref(ca))[0])
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(c_buffer(b"123")))
+        ca = c_char(b"a")
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b"a"), func(pointer(ca))[0])
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b"a"), func(byref(ca))[0])
 
     def test_c_char_p_arg(self):
         func = testdll._testfunc_p_p
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@
         func.argtypes = c_char_p,
 
         self.assertEqual(None, func(None))
-        self.assertEqual("123", func("123"))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(b"123"))
         self.assertEqual(None, func(c_char_p(None)))
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(c_char_p("123")))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(c_char_p(b"123")))
 
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(c_buffer("123")))
-        ca = c_char("a")
-        self.assertEqual("a", func(pointer(ca))[0])
-        self.assertEqual("a", func(byref(ca))[0])
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(c_buffer(b"123")))
+        ca = c_char(b"a")
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b"a"), func(pointer(ca))[0])
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b"a"), func(byref(ca))[0])
 
     def test_c_void_p_arg(self):
         func = testdll._testfunc_p_p
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@
         func.argtypes = c_void_p,
 
         self.assertEqual(None, func(None))
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(b"123"))
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(c_char_p("123")))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(b"123"))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(c_char_p(b"123")))
         self.assertEqual(None, func(c_char_p(None)))
 
-        self.assertEqual("123", func(c_buffer("123")))
+        self.assertEqual(b"123", func(c_buffer(b"123")))
         ca = c_char("a")
-        self.assertEqual("a", func(pointer(ca))[0])
-        self.assertEqual("a", func(byref(ca))[0])
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b"a"), func(pointer(ca))[0])
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b"a"), func(byref(ca))[0])
 
         func(byref(c_int()))
         func(pointer(c_int()))
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_random_things.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_random_things.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_random_things.py	(working copy)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
         out = self.capture_stderr(cb, "spam")
         self.assertEqual(out.splitlines()[-1],
                              "TypeError: "
-                             "unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'int' and 'str'")
+                             "unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'int' and 'bytes'")
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_returnfuncptrs.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_returnfuncptrs.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_returnfuncptrs.py	(working copy)
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
         get_strchr = dll.get_strchr
         get_strchr.restype = CFUNCTYPE(c_char_p, c_char_p, c_char)
         strchr = get_strchr()
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdef", "b"), "bcdef")
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdef", "x"), None)
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdef", 98), "bcdef")
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdef", 107), None)
-        self.assertRaises(ArgumentError, strchr, "abcdef", 3.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, strchr, "abcdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdef", b"b"), b"bcdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdef", b"x"), None)
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdef", 98), b"bcdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdef", 107), None)
+        self.assertRaises(ArgumentError, strchr, b"abcdef", 3.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, strchr, b"abcdef")
 
     def test_without_prototype(self):
         dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_slicing.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_slicing.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_slicing.py	(working copy)
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
         dll.my_strdup.errcheck = errcheck
         try:
             res = dll.my_strdup(s)
-            self.assertEqual(res, s.decode())
+            self.assertEqual(res, s)
         finally:
             del dll.my_strdup.errcheck
 
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_stringptr.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_stringptr.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_stringptr.py	(working copy)
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
         # c_char_p and Python string is compatible
         # c_char_p and c_buffer is NOT compatible
         self.assertEqual(x.str, None)
-        x.str = "Hello, World"
-        self.assertEqual(x.str, "Hello, World")
-        b = c_buffer("Hello, World")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, x, "str", b)
+        x.str = b"Hello, World"
+        self.assertEqual(x.str, b"Hello, World")
+        b = c_buffer(b"Hello, World")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, x, b"str", b)
 
 
     def test_functions(self):
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@
         # c_char_p and Python string is compatible
         # c_char_p and c_buffer are now compatible
         strchr.argtypes = c_char_p, c_char
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdef", "c"), "cdef")
-        self.assertEqual(strchr(c_buffer("abcdef"), "c"), "cdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdef", b"c"), b"cdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(c_buffer(b"abcdef"), b"c"), b"cdef")
 
         # POINTER(c_char) and Python string is NOT compatible
         # POINTER(c_char) and c_buffer() is compatible
         strchr.argtypes = POINTER(c_char), c_char
-        buf = c_buffer("abcdef")
-        self.assertEqual(strchr(buf, "c"), "cdef")
-        self.assertEqual(strchr("abcdef", "c"), "cdef")
+        buf = c_buffer(b"abcdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(buf, b"c"), b"cdef")
+        self.assertEqual(strchr(b"abcdef", b"c"), b"cdef")
 
         # XXX These calls are dangerous, because the first argument
         # to strchr is no longer valid after the function returns!
Index: Lib/ctypes/test/test_unicode.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/ctypes/test/test_unicode.py	(revision 74272)
+++ Lib/ctypes/test/test_unicode.py	(working copy)
@@ -94,15 +94,15 @@
 
         def test_ascii_ignore(self):
             ctypes.set_conversion_mode("ascii", "ignore")
-            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), "abc")
-            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), "abc")
-            self.assertEqual(func("\xe4\xf6\xfc\xdf"), "")
+            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), b"abc")
+            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), b"abc")
+            self.assertEqual(func("\xe4\xf6\xfc\xdf"), b"")
 
         def test_ascii_replace(self):
             ctypes.set_conversion_mode("ascii", "replace")
-            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), "abc")
-            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), "abc")
-            self.assertEqual(func("\xe4\xf6\xfc\xdf"), "????")
+            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), b"abc")
+            self.assertEqual(func("abc"), b"abc")
+            self.assertEqual(func("\xe4\xf6\xfc\xdf"), b"????")
 
         def test_buffers(self):
             ctypes.set_conversion_mode("ascii", "strict")
Index: Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
===================================================================
--- Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c	(revision 74272)
+++ Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c	(working copy)
@@ -1428,7 +1428,8 @@
 			return NULL;
 		}
 #endif
-		return PyUnicode_FromString(*(char **)ptr);
+		return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(*(char **)ptr,
+						 strlen(*(char **)ptr));
 	} else {
 		Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 		return Py_None;