def test_encoding(self):
        # Test for special character encoding
        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
        expect = '%3F=%3F'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        given = (("\u00a0", (1, "\u00c1")),)
        # ... now with default utf-8 ...
        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... now with latin-1 ...
        expect = '%A0=%C1'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... now with sequence ...
        given = (("\u00a0", (1, "\u00c1")),)
        expect = '%3F=1&%3F=%3F'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... again with default utf-8 ...
        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... again with latin-1 ...
        expect = '%A0=%C1'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

    def test_bytes(self):
        # Test for encoding bytes
        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
        expect = '%A0%24=%C1%24'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... now with sequence ...
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... now with safe and encoding ...
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$", encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... again with sequence ...
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$", encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        # ... now with an actual sequence ...
        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd)),)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$")
        self.assert_(expect in result,
                     "%s not found in %s" % (expect, result))
        expect2 = '%A0$=1'
        self.assert_(expect2 in result,
                     "%s not found in %s" % (expect2, result))