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| 1 :mod:`os` --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces | 1 :mod:`os` --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces |
| 2 ======================================================= | 2 ======================================================= |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4 .. module:: os | 4 .. module:: os |
| 5 :synopsis: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. | 5 :synopsis: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. |
| 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent | 8 This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent |
| 9 functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see :func:`open`, if | 9 functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see :func:`open`, if |
| 10 you want to manipulate paths, see the :mod:`os.path` module, and if you want to | 10 you want to manipulate paths, see the :mod:`os.path` module, and if you want to |
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| 1012 | 1012 |
| 1013 | 1013 |
| 1014 .. function:: pipe() | 1014 .. function:: pipe() |
| 1015 | 1015 |
| 1016 Create a pipe. Return a pair of file descriptors ``(r, w)`` usable for readi
ng | 1016 Create a pipe. Return a pair of file descriptors ``(r, w)`` usable for readi
ng |
| 1017 and writing, respectively. | 1017 and writing, respectively. |
| 1018 | 1018 |
| 1019 Availability: Unix, Windows. | 1019 Availability: Unix, Windows. |
| 1020 | 1020 |
| 1021 | 1021 |
| 1022 .. function:: pipe2(flags=0) | 1022 .. function:: pipe2(flags) |
| 1023 | 1023 |
| 1024 Create a pipe with *flags* set atomically. | 1024 Create a pipe with *flags* set atomically. |
| 1025 *flags* is optional and can be constructed by ORing together zero or more of | 1025 *flags* can be constructed by ORing together one or more of these values: |
| 1026 these values: :data:`O_NONBLOCK`, :data:`O_CLOEXEC`. | 1026 :data:`O_NONBLOCK`, :data:`O_CLOEXEC`. |
| 1027 Return a pair of file descriptors ``(r, w)`` usable for reading and writing, | 1027 Return a pair of file descriptors ``(r, w)`` usable for reading and writing, |
| 1028 respectively. | 1028 respectively. |
| 1029 | 1029 |
| 1030 Availability: some flavors of Unix. | 1030 Availability: some flavors of Unix. |
| 1031 |
| 1032 .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 1031 | 1033 |
| 1032 | 1034 |
| 1033 .. function:: posix_fallocate(fd, offset, len) | 1035 .. function:: posix_fallocate(fd, offset, len) |
| 1034 | 1036 |
| 1035 Ensures that enough disk space is allocated for the file specified by *fd* | 1037 Ensures that enough disk space is allocated for the file specified by *fd* |
| 1036 starting from *offset* and continuing for *len* bytes. | 1038 starting from *offset* and continuing for *len* bytes. |
| 1037 | 1039 |
| 1038 Availability: Unix. | 1040 Availability: Unix. |
| 1039 | 1041 |
| 1040 .. versionadded:: 3.3 | 1042 .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
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| 2860 | 2862 |
| 2861 .. function:: urandom(n) | 2863 .. function:: urandom(n) |
| 2862 | 2864 |
| 2863 Return a string of *n* random bytes suitable for cryptographic use. | 2865 Return a string of *n* random bytes suitable for cryptographic use. |
| 2864 | 2866 |
| 2865 This function returns random bytes from an OS-specific randomness source. Th
e | 2867 This function returns random bytes from an OS-specific randomness source. Th
e |
| 2866 returned data should be unpredictable enough for cryptographic applications, | 2868 returned data should be unpredictable enough for cryptographic applications, |
| 2867 though its exact quality depends on the OS implementation. On a UNIX-like | 2869 though its exact quality depends on the OS implementation. On a UNIX-like |
| 2868 system this will query /dev/urandom, and on Windows it will use CryptGenRando
m. | 2870 system this will query /dev/urandom, and on Windows it will use CryptGenRando
m. |
| 2869 If a randomness source is not found, :exc:`NotImplementedError` will be raise
d. | 2871 If a randomness source is not found, :exc:`NotImplementedError` will be raise
d. |
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