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| 1 :mod:`os` --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces | 1 :mod:`os` --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces |
| 2 ======================================================= | 2 ======================================================= |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4 .. module:: os | 4 .. module:: os |
| 5 :synopsis: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. | 5 :synopsis: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. |
| 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent | 8 This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent |
| 9 functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see :func:`open`, if | 9 functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see :func:`open`, if |
| 10 you want to manipulate paths, see the :mod:`os.path` module, and if you want to | 10 you want to manipulate paths, see the :mod:`os.path` module, and if you want to |
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| 984 | 984 |
| 985 Availability: Unix, Windows. | 985 Availability: Unix, Windows. |
| 986 | 986 |
| 987 | 987 |
| 988 .. data:: SEEK_SET | 988 .. data:: SEEK_SET |
| 989 SEEK_CUR | 989 SEEK_CUR |
| 990 SEEK_END | 990 SEEK_END |
| 991 | 991 |
| 992 Parameters to the :func:`lseek` function. Their values are 0, 1, and 2, | 992 Parameters to the :func:`lseek` function. Their values are 0, 1, and 2, |
| 993 respectively. Availability: Windows, Unix. | 993 respectively. Availability: Windows, Unix. |
| 994 |
| 995 .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 996 Some operating systems could support additional values, like |
| 997 :data:`os.SEEK_HOLE` or :data:`os.SEEK_DATA`. |
| 994 | 998 |
| 995 | 999 |
| 996 .. function:: mkdirat(dirfd, path, mode=0o777) | 1000 .. function:: mkdirat(dirfd, path, mode=0o777) |
| 997 | 1001 |
| 998 Like :func:`mkdir` but if *path* is relative, it is taken as relative to *dir
fd*. | 1002 Like :func:`mkdir` but if *path* is relative, it is taken as relative to *dir
fd*. |
| 999 If *path* is relative and *dirfd* is the special value :data:`AT_FDCWD`, then
*path* | 1003 If *path* is relative and *dirfd* is the special value :data:`AT_FDCWD`, then
*path* |
| 1000 is interpreted relative to the current working directory. | 1004 is interpreted relative to the current working directory. |
| 1001 | 1005 |
| 1002 Availability: Unix. | 1006 Availability: Unix. |
| 1003 | 1007 |
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| 3319 | 3323 |
| 3320 .. function:: urandom(n) | 3324 .. function:: urandom(n) |
| 3321 | 3325 |
| 3322 Return a string of *n* random bytes suitable for cryptographic use. | 3326 Return a string of *n* random bytes suitable for cryptographic use. |
| 3323 | 3327 |
| 3324 This function returns random bytes from an OS-specific randomness source. Th
e | 3328 This function returns random bytes from an OS-specific randomness source. Th
e |
| 3325 returned data should be unpredictable enough for cryptographic applications, | 3329 returned data should be unpredictable enough for cryptographic applications, |
| 3326 though its exact quality depends on the OS implementation. On a UNIX-like | 3330 though its exact quality depends on the OS implementation. On a UNIX-like |
| 3327 system this will query /dev/urandom, and on Windows it will use CryptGenRando
m. | 3331 system this will query /dev/urandom, and on Windows it will use CryptGenRando
m. |
| 3328 If a randomness source is not found, :exc:`NotImplementedError` will be raise
d. | 3332 If a randomness source is not found, :exc:`NotImplementedError` will be raise
d. |
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