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For question (5)

    def f(a): pass  
    sig=inspect.getsignature(f)
    myargs=()
    mykwargs=dict(a=1)
    sig.bind(myargs, mykwargs)

Parameter 'a' has been passed, but it is part of the 
keywords mapping, rather than part of the positional 
tuple.  Right now, this would 

    raise TypeError("too few positional arguments provided")

I believe the python parser will normalize calls so that a 
typical call f(a=6) would would end up seeing

    args=(6)
    kwargs={}

but I didn't see anything explaining that as a precondition.