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I'm not sure which docs you're looking at.  I'm looking at the 
Python docs <wink>, like here:

http://docs.python.org/lib/datetime-date.html

That seems very clear to me:

"""
class date(year, month, day) 

All arguments are required. Arguments may be ints or longs, in 
the following ranges: 

MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR 
1 <= month <= 12 
1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year 
If an argument outside those ranges is given, ValueError is 
raised. 
"""

There are equally precise docs for all the datetime.* classes.  
For example, you mentioned time:

"""
class time(hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]) 

All arguments are optional. tzinfo may be None, or an 
instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may 
be ints or longs, in the following ranges: 

0 <= hour < 24 
0 <= minute < 60 
0 <= second < 60 
0 <= microsecond < 1000000. 

If an argument outside those ranges is given, ValueError is 
raised. All default to 0 except tzinfo, which defaults to None. 
"""