In 2.5
>>> import array
>>> a = array.array('b', 'fox')
>>>

In 3.0
>>> import array
>>> a = array.array('b', 'fox')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
    a = array.array('b', 'fox')
TypeError: an integer is required

This puzzled me because an integer argument most certainly is not
allowed (one would raise other exceptions.)  Then I realized that 'an
integer' here actually means 'an iterator producing integers' or more
exactly, 'an iterable whose iterator yields integers in the range
implied by the type code'.  What I would like to see is something like

TypeError: for typecode 'b', the optional initializer must be an
iterable of 1 byte integers (such as bytes).

I would also like to see a minor change in the array and array.array
docstrings.  Array.__doc__ lists the typecodes, array.array.__doc__
lists all the other info needed, so that help(array) gives everything
while help(array.array) omits the needed typecode info.  So I would like
to see the typecode info moved to the class docstring with everything
else (and replaced by 'Defines one class: array') so help(array) and
help(array.array) would both give all needed info.

FWIW, in trunk the message for unicode strings is the same:
>>> array.array('b', u'fox')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: an integer is required

Here's a patch to fix the exception.

New changeset 2c87d3944c7a by Alexandre Vassalotti in branch 'default':
Issue #3693: Fix array obscure error message when given a str.
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/2c87d3944c7a