This bug is produced on WindowsXP SP1 (OSVer : 
5_1_2600) with Python2.3 installed.

Start Python and type (of course x.x.x.x should be 
replaced with IP address):

import socket
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,4)
s.sendto("",("x.x.x.x",0))

Press ENTER and your win box should crash immediately.
On my test after restart windows returned BCCode : d1.

By the way, IP protocol 0x04 is "IP over IP", and I 
could send such datagrams month ago with Python 
(although Microsoft has crippled some protocols).
Now, this is maybe specific to this configuration, or 
it could be due to some driver (BCCode: d1 is specific 
for drivers related problems). It needs further 
testing on different configurations.
Note that the problem doesn't appears when string in 
sendto() function is not empty.

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Running your reproducable on XP SP2 (with real IP) returns
"socket.error: (10022, 'Invalid argument')" for me without a
hard crash.

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Do you get the same problem with either of the current releases 
(2.3.5 and/or 2.4.1)?

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I tested this on Python 2.3.4. But there is no problem in 
Python. This bug could be reproduced in C, for example. The 
main problem is in Windows built-in firewall. For explanation 
take a look at:

http://seclist.org/lists/bugtraq/2005/Mar/0409.html

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If there is no problem in Python itself, then perhaps you could 
close this.