diff -r da042eec6743 Lib/sre_compile.py
--- a/Lib/sre_compile.py	Mon Nov 21 16:45:54 2016 +0100
+++ b/Lib/sre_compile.py	Mon Nov 21 16:54:56 2016 +0100
@@ -576,5 +576,5 @@ def compile(p, flags=0):
     return _sre.compile(
         pattern, flags | p.pattern.flags, code,
         p.pattern.groups-1,
-        groupindex, indexgroup
+        groupindex, tuple(indexgroup)
         )
diff -r da042eec6743 Lib/test/test_re.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_re.py	Mon Nov 21 16:45:54 2016 +0100
+++ b/Lib/test/test_re.py	Mon Nov 21 16:54:56 2016 +0100
@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
         long_overflow = 2**128
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, re.finditer, "a", {})
         with self.assertRaises(OverflowError):
-            _sre.compile("abc", 0, [long_overflow], 0, [], [])
+            _sre.compile("abc", 0, [long_overflow], 0, {}, ())
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             _sre.compile({}, 0, [], 0, [], [])
 
diff -r da042eec6743 Modules/_sre.c
--- a/Modules/_sre.c	Mon Nov 21 16:45:54 2016 +0100
+++ b/Modules/_sre.c	Mon Nov 21 16:54:56 2016 +0100
@@ -1438,8 +1438,8 @@ static int _validate(PatternObject *self
     flags: int
     code: object(subclass_of='&PyList_Type')
     groups: Py_ssize_t
-    groupindex: object
-    indexgroup: object
+    groupindex: object(subclass_of='&PyDict_Type')
+    indexgroup: object(subclass_of='&PyTuple_Type')
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _sre_compile_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *pattern, int flags,
                   PyObject *code, Py_ssize_t groups, PyObject *groupindex,
                   PyObject *indexgroup)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ef9c2b3693776404 input=7d059ec8ae1edb85]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ef9c2b3693776404 input=0a68476dbbe5db30]*/
 {
     /* "compile" pattern descriptor to pattern object */
 
diff -r da042eec6743 Modules/clinic/_sre.c.h
--- a/Modules/clinic/_sre.c.h	Mon Nov 21 16:45:54 2016 +0100
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_sre.c.h	Mon Nov 21 16:54:56 2016 +0100
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ static PyObject *
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     static const char * const _keywords[] = {"pattern", "flags", "code", "groups", "groupindex", "indexgroup", NULL};
-    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {"OiO!nOO:compile", _keywords, 0};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {"OiO!nO!O!:compile", _keywords, 0};
     PyObject *pattern;
     int flags;
     PyObject *code;
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ static PyObject *
     PyObject *indexgroup;
 
     if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, kwnames, &_parser,
-        &pattern, &flags, &PyList_Type, &code, &groups, &groupindex, &indexgroup)) {
+        &pattern, &flags, &PyList_Type, &code, &groups, &PyDict_Type, &groupindex, &PyTuple_Type, &indexgroup)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _sre_compile_impl(module, pattern, flags, code, groups, groupindex, indexgroup);
@@ -728,4 +728,4 @@ static PyObject *
 {
     return _sre_SRE_Scanner_search_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a4a246bca1963bc9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b74b16d90f207358 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff -r da042eec6743 Modules/sre.h
--- a/Modules/sre.h	Mon Nov 21 16:45:54 2016 +0100
+++ b/Modules/sre.h	Mon Nov 21 16:54:56 2016 +0100
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_VAR_HEAD
     Py_ssize_t groups; /* must be first! */
-    PyObject* groupindex;
-    PyObject* indexgroup;
+    PyObject* groupindex; /* dict */
+    PyObject* indexgroup; /* tuple */
     /* compatibility */
     PyObject* pattern; /* pattern source (or None) */
     int flags; /* flags used when compiling pattern source */