diff -r ef63e1c999bd Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst
--- a/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst	Sun Sep 11 11:23:38 2016 +0300
+++ b/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst	Sun Sep 11 12:23:52 2016 +0200
@@ -334,9 +334,10 @@
 For simple names as assignment targets, if in class or module scope,
 the annotations are evaluated and stored in a special class or module
 attribute :attr:`__annotations__`
-that is a dictionary mapping from variable names to evaluated annotations.
-This attribute is writable and is automatically created at the start
-of class or module body execution, if annotations are found statically.
+that is a dictionary mapping from variable names (mangled if private) to
+evaluated annotations. This attribute is writable and is automatically
+created at the start of class or module body execution, if annotations
+are found statically.
 
 For expressions as assignment targets, the annotations are evaluated if
 in class or module scope, but not stored.
diff -r ef63e1c999bd Lib/test/test_grammar.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_grammar.py	Sun Sep 11 11:23:38 2016 +0300
+++ b/Lib/test/test_grammar.py	Sun Sep 11 12:23:52 2016 +0200
@@ -328,12 +328,12 @@
 
         # class semantics
         class C:
-            x: int
+            __foo: int
             s: str = "attr"
             z = 2
             def __init__(self, x):
                 self.x: int = x
-        self.assertEqual(C.__annotations__, {'x': int, 's': str})
+        self.assertEqual(C.__annotations__, {'_C__foo': int, 's': str})
         with self.assertRaises(NameError):
             class CBad:
                 no_such_name_defined.attr: int = 0
diff -r ef63e1c999bd Python/compile.c
--- a/Python/compile.c	Sun Sep 11 11:23:38 2016 +0300
+++ b/Python/compile.c	Sun Sep 11 12:23:52 2016 +0200
@@ -4562,6 +4562,7 @@
 compiler_annassign(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 {
     expr_ty targ = s->v.AnnAssign.target;
+    PyObject* mangled;
 
     assert(s->kind == AnnAssign_kind);
 
@@ -4576,8 +4577,13 @@
         if (s->v.AnnAssign.simple &&
             (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE ||
              c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS)) {
+            mangled = _Py_Mangle(c->u->u_private, targ->v.Name.id);
+            if (!mangled) {
+                return 0;
+            }
             VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
-            ADDOP_O(c, STORE_ANNOTATION, targ->v.Name.id, names)
+            /* ADDOP_N decrefs its argument */
+            ADDOP_N(c, STORE_ANNOTATION, mangled, names);
         }
         break;
     case Attribute_kind: