diff -r 1ceb91974dc4 Include/boolobject.h
--- a/Include/boolobject.h	Sat Apr 30 01:30:57 2016 +0000
+++ b/Include/boolobject.h	Fri Apr 29 21:31:44 2016 -0700
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 #define Py_True ((PyObject *) &_Py_TrueStruct)
 
 /* Macros for returning Py_True or Py_False, respectively */
-#define Py_RETURN_TRUE return Py_INCREF(Py_True), Py_True
-#define Py_RETURN_FALSE return Py_INCREF(Py_False), Py_False
+#define Py_RETURN_TRUE return Py_True
+#define Py_RETURN_FALSE return Py_False
 
 /* Function to return a bool from a C long */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBool_FromLong(long);
diff -r 1ceb91974dc4 Include/object.h
--- a/Include/object.h	Sat Apr 30 01:30:57 2016 +0000
+++ b/Include/object.h	Fri Apr 29 21:31:44 2016 -0700
@@ -774,19 +774,8 @@
 #endif
 #endif /* !Py_TRACE_REFS */
 
-#define Py_INCREF(op) (                         \
-    _Py_INC_REFTOTAL  _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA       \
-    ((PyObject *)(op))->ob_refcnt++)
-
-#define Py_DECREF(op)                                   \
-    do {                                                \
-        PyObject *_py_decref_tmp = (PyObject *)(op);    \
-        if (_Py_DEC_REFTOTAL  _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA       \
-        --(_py_decref_tmp)->ob_refcnt != 0)             \
-            _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(_py_decref_tmp)            \
-        else                                            \
-            _Py_Dealloc(_py_decref_tmp);                \
-    } while (0)
+#define Py_INCREF(op)
+#define Py_DECREF(op)
 
 /* Safely decref `op` and set `op` to NULL, especially useful in tp_clear
  * and tp_dealloc implementations.
@@ -867,18 +856,10 @@
  */
 
 #define Py_SETREF(op, op2)                      \
-    do {                                        \
-        PyObject *_py_tmp = (PyObject *)(op);   \
-        (op) = (op2);                           \
-        Py_DECREF(_py_tmp);                     \
-    } while (0)
+        (op) = (op2)                            \
 
 #define Py_XSETREF(op, op2)                     \
-    do {                                        \
-        PyObject *_py_tmp = (PyObject *)(op);   \
-        (op) = (op2);                           \
-        Py_XDECREF(_py_tmp);                    \
-    } while (0)
+        (op) = (op2)                            \
 
 #endif /* ifndef Py_LIMITED_API */
 
@@ -902,7 +883,7 @@
 #define Py_None (&_Py_NoneStruct)
 
 /* Macro for returning Py_None from a function */
-#define Py_RETURN_NONE return Py_INCREF(Py_None), Py_None
+#define Py_RETURN_NONE return Py_None
 
 /*
 Py_NotImplemented is a singleton used to signal that an operation is
@@ -913,7 +894,7 @@
 
 /* Macro for returning Py_NotImplemented from a function */
 #define Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED \
-    return Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented), Py_NotImplemented
+    return Py_NotImplemented
 
 /* Rich comparison opcodes */
 #define Py_LT 0
diff -r 1ceb91974dc4 Objects/object.c
--- a/Objects/object.c	Sat Apr 30 01:30:57 2016 +0000
+++ b/Objects/object.c	Fri Apr 29 21:31:44 2016 -0700
@@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@
 _Py_NewReference(PyObject *op)
 {
     _Py_INC_REFTOTAL;
-    op->ob_refcnt = 1;
+    op->ob_refcnt = 2;
     _Py_AddToAllObjects(op, 1);
     _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(op);
 }