def append(x,v): """ >>> append(mylist,20) >>> mylist [1, 2, 3, 20] """ x.append(v) def prepend(x,v): """ >>> prepend(mylist,30) >>> mylist [30, 1, 2, 3] """ x.insert(0,v) if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest # I'd like each test to see the same input, but I can't. doctest.testmod(extraglobs={'mylist': [1,2,3] })