diff -r 568312ea04fa Lib/test/json_tests/test_dump.py
--- a/Lib/test/json_tests/test_dump.py	Sun Oct 14 04:17:50 2012 +0200
+++ b/Lib/test/json_tests/test_dump.py	Sun Oct 14 12:58:20 2012 +0300
@@ -20,6 +20,14 @@
                 {2: 3.0, 4.0: 5, False: 1, 6: True}, sort_keys=True),
                 '{"false": 1, "2": 3.0, "4.0": 5, "6": true}')
 
+    # Issue 16228: Crash on encoding resized list
+    def test_encode_mutated(self):
+        a = [object()] * 10
+        def crasher(obj):
+            del a[-1]
+        self.assertEqual(self.dumps(a, default=crasher),
+                 '[null, null, null, null, null]')
+
 
 class TestPyDump(TestDump, PyTest): pass
 
diff -r 568312ea04fa Modules/_json.c
--- a/Modules/_json.c	Sun Oct 14 04:17:50 2012 +0200
+++ b/Modules/_json.c	Sun Oct 14 12:58:20 2012 +0300
@@ -1660,8 +1660,6 @@
     static PyObject *empty_array = NULL;
     PyObject *ident = NULL;
     PyObject *s_fast = NULL;
-    Py_ssize_t num_items;
-    PyObject **seq_items;
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
     if (open_array == NULL || close_array == NULL || empty_array == NULL) {
@@ -1675,8 +1673,7 @@
     s_fast = PySequence_Fast(seq, "_iterencode_list needs a sequence");
     if (s_fast == NULL)
         return -1;
-    num_items = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(s_fast);
-    if (num_items == 0) {
+    if (PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(s_fast) == 0) {
         Py_DECREF(s_fast);
         return _PyAccu_Accumulate(acc, empty_array);
     }
@@ -1697,7 +1694,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    seq_items = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(s_fast);
     if (_PyAccu_Accumulate(acc, open_array))
         goto bail;
     if (s->indent != Py_None) {
@@ -1709,8 +1705,8 @@
             buf += newline_indent
         */
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
-        PyObject *obj = seq_items[i];
+    for (i = 0; i < PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(s_fast); i++) {
+        PyObject *obj = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(s_fast, i);
         if (i) {
             if (_PyAccu_Accumulate(acc, s->item_separator))
                 goto bail;