Index: Lib/inspect.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/inspect.py	(Revision 88666)
+++ Lib/inspect.py	(Arbeitskopie)
@@ -943,8 +943,15 @@
             f_name, 'at most' if defaults else 'exactly', num_args,
             'arguments' if num_args > 1 else 'argument', num_total))
     elif num_args == 0 and num_total:
-        raise TypeError('%s() takes no arguments (%d given)' %
-                        (f_name, num_total))
+        if varkw:
+            if num_pos:
+                # XXX: We should use num_pos, but Python also uses num_total:
+                raise TypeError('%s() takes exactly 0 arguments '
+                                '(%d given)' % (f_name, num_total))
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('%s() takes no arguments (%d given)' %
+                            (f_name, num_total))
+
     for arg in args:
         if isinstance(arg, str) and arg in named:
             if is_assigned(arg):
Index: Lib/test/test_inspect.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/test/test_inspect.py	(Revision 88666)
+++ Lib/test/test_inspect.py	(Arbeitskopie)
@@ -632,6 +632,16 @@
         self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, c=4, **{u"b":3}')
         self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=2, **{u"a":3, u"c":4}')
 
+    def test_varkw_only(self):
+        # issue11256:
+        f = self.makeCallable('**c')
+        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '')
+        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'a=1')
+        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'a=1, b=2')
+        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'c=3, **{"a": 1, "b": 2}')
+        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '**UserDict(a=1, b=2)')
+        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'c=3, **UserDict(a=1, b=2)')
+
     def test_tupleargs(self):
         f = self.makeCallable('(b,c), (d,(e,f))=(0,[1,2])')
         self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '(2,3)')
@@ -693,6 +703,10 @@
         self.assertEqualException(f, '1')
         self.assertEqualException(f, '[1]')
         self.assertEqualException(f, '(1,2,3)')
+        # issue11256:
+        f3 = self.makeCallable('**c')
+        self.assertEqualException(f3, '1, 2')
+        self.assertEqualException(f3, '1, 2, a=1, b=2')
 
 class TestGetcallargsMethods(TestGetcallargsFunctions):