Index: Python/compile.c
===================================================================
--- Python/compile.c	(revision 88415)
+++ Python/compile.c	(working copy)
@@ -3004,10 +3004,13 @@
         n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Dict.values);
         ADDOP_I(c, BUILD_MAP, (n>0xFFFF ? 0xFFFF : n));
         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	    /* Order is important keys must be evaluated before values,
+	       per ref manual. */
             VISIT(c, expr,
+                (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i));
+            VISIT(c, expr,
                 (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.values, i));
-            VISIT(c, expr,
-                (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i));
+            ADDOP(c, ROT_TWO);
             ADDOP(c, STORE_MAP);
         }
         break;
Index: Lib/test/test_compile.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/test/test_compile.py	(revision 88415)
+++ Lib/test/test_compile.py	(working copy)
@@ -491,6 +491,14 @@
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, ast, '<ast>', 'exec')
 
 
+    def test_dict_compile_order(self):
+        self.i = 0
+        def f():
+            self.i += 1
+            return self.i
+        d = {f(): f(), f(): f()}
+        self.assertEqual(d, {1: 2, 3: 4})
+
 def test_main():
     test_support.run_unittest(TestSpecifics)