Index: Lib/compileall.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/compileall.py	(revision 80615)
+++ Lib/compileall.py	(working copy)
@@ -91,13 +91,14 @@
         else:
             cfile = imp.cache_from_source(fullname)
             cache_dir = os.path.dirname(cfile)
-            try:
-                os.mkdir(cache_dir)
-            except OSError as error:
-                if error.errno != errno.EEXIST:
-                    raise
         head, tail = name[:-3], name[-3:]
         if tail == '.py':
+            if not legacy:
+                try:
+                    os.mkdir(cache_dir)
+                except OSError as error:
+                    if error.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                        raise
             if not force:
                 try:
                     mtime = int(os.stat(fullname).st_mtime)
Index: Lib/test/test_compileall.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/test/test_compileall.py	(revision 80615)
+++ Lib/test/test_compileall.py	(working copy)
@@ -75,6 +75,18 @@
         os.unlink(self.bc_path)
         os.unlink(self.bc_path2)
 
+    def test_no_pycache_in_non_package(self):
+        # Bug 8563 reported that __pycache__ directories got created by
+        # compile_file() for non-.py files.
+        data_dir = os.path.join(self.directory, 'data')
+        data_file = os.path.join(data_dir, 'file')
+        os.mkdir(data_dir)
+        # touch data/file
+        with open(data_file, 'w'):
+            pass
+        compileall.compile_file(data_file)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(os.path.join(data_dir, '__pycache__')))
+        
 
 class EncodingTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """Issue 6716: compileall should escape source code when printing errors
@@ -98,6 +110,7 @@
         finally:
             sys.stdout = orig_stdout
 
+
 class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Test some aspects of compileall's CLI."""